Aryabhata was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Ä€ryabhaá¹Ä«ya and the Arya-siddhanta. In the 5th century, Aryabhata introduced zero in the decimal number system and hence, introduced it in mathematics. Aryabhata calculated the closest approximate value of pi (Ï€) and he was the first to explain that the moon and planets shine due to reflected sunlight and made major contributions to the fields of trigonometry and algebra.
Archimedes was a famous mathematician and inventor in ancient Greece. He was born in ancient city, Sicily in C287 BC. He is famous for discovering the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cylinder, It is known for formulating the ‘Archimedes’ Principle’. He was invented a device as name as Archimedes Screw and a weapon called as Claw of Archimedes, also he shows that Value of pi(Ï€) is greater than 223/7 and less than 22/7.
Albert Einstein was born 14th March, 1879, a German by origin best known scientist of modern age. He is famous for his “Theory of Relativity” giving the very famous equation E=mc2. In this theory he explained how time and distance may change due to the ‘relative’ or different speed of the object and the observer. In this equation (E=mc2) ‘c’ is the speed of light and is a constant. This formula explained how energy(E) is related to mass(m).
Alfred Nobel was a famous scientist, inventor and founder of the Nobel Prizes. He was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 21 October 1833. He invented dynamite in 1867. He composed the last will a year before he died, signing it at the Swedish–Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895. Nobel's last will specified that his fortune be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. The prestigious Prizes as called Nobel Prizes awarded beginning from 1901 five after death of Alfred Nobel.
Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12th February, 1809 in Shrewsbury, England. Darwin is often called the “Father of Evolution”. Darwin’s “Theory of Evolution” was first announced in 1858 and its publicized in 1859. The Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection states that an individual born in any species has to compete with its surrounding for its survival. Animal and plants have evolved in an orderly manner and keep on evolving even today.
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Charles Goodyear was born 1800, in New Haven, America. He was invented the vulcanized rubber in 1844. Goodyear is credited with inventing the chemical process to create and manufacture pliable, waterproof, moldable rubber.
Charles Richard Drew, a surgeon, was the inventor of the Blood Bank. He found that if he separated the plasma from whole blood and then refrigerated the two separately, he cloud use the two for transfusion by combining them even after a week. He also determined that each person has certain type of blood (A, B, AB, and O) and therefore a person cannot receive a full blood transfusion from someone with different blood type.
Charles Richter is well-known for inventing the ‘Richter Scale’. He was an American Seismologist and Physicist. He was born 26th April, 1900 in Overpick. Richter Scale is an instrument which measures the strength of earthquake. This scale was publicized in 1935.
Sir Frederick Grant Banting is known worldwide for the discovery of the wonder drug ‘Insulin’. He was a Canadian Pharmacologist, Orthopaedist and field Surgeon. Banting was born 14th November, 1891 in Ontario.
Galileo Galilei was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, physicist, and philosopher. He was born on 15th February, 1564 in Pisa, Italy. His greatest Invention is Galilean Telescope. In 1585, he discovered the ‘Law of Pendulum’. He saw a lamp swing to and fro from the ceiling of a church. He then timed the swinging of the lamp with his pulse and to his astonishment, found that each swing was completed in equal time.
Sir Issac Newton was an English astronomer, physicist, philosopher and mathematician. He was born on 25 December, 1642 in Lincolnshire, England. He is famous for his ‘Laws of Motion’ and the ‘concept of Gravitation’. Newton’s Law of Gravity- Newton stated that every object in the universe experiences a pull towards every other object. This amount of pull or force depends upon the masses of the objects and the distance between them. He gave three laws of motion, they are:
(1) Every object moves in a straight line unless acted upon by a force.
(2) The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force exerted and inversely proportional to the object's mass.
(3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was an eminent Indian Physicist. He was born in Thiruvanaikaval of Madras Presidency (Chennai) on November7, 1888. Sir C. V. Raman discovered the ‘Raman Effect” on 28th February, 1928 while going through his experiment on the scattering of light.
Raman Effect: It change in the wavelength of light that occurs when a light beam is deflected by molecules. When a beam of light traverses a dust-free, transparent sample of a chemical compound, a small fraction of the light emerges in directions other than that of the incident (incoming) beam. Most of this scattered light is of unchanged wavelength. A small part, however, has wavelengths different from that of the incident light; its presence is a result of the Raman effect.
India celebrates the National Science Days on 28th February of every year to commemorate the discovery of the Raman Effect.
In 1903, Wright brothers Orvile and Wilbur, demonstrated the first ever airplane with propeller. It was a 1st aircraft carrying a man, propelled by a machine which flew by its own power at an even speed and descended down without any damage.
In 1901, Willis Haviland Carrier was an American engineer and inventor and is known as the man who invented modern air conditioning. In 1902, he installed his first air-conditioning system, in the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing & Publishing. His invention controlled both the temperature and humidity, which helped maintain consistent paper dimensions and ink alignment at the printing plant.
In 1968, Allen Breed invented the Air Bag safety system. It is a type of automobile safety restraint like seatbelt. Airbags are gas filled cushions which are built into the steering wheel, dashboard, door, roof of a car with a crash sensor to trigger a rapid expansion to protect passenger from the impact of an accident.
Aspirin invented by Felix Hoffmann in August 1897. In august 1897, in his lab he added Acetylating Salicylic Acid with Acetic Acid and created Acetylsalicylic Acid in a chemically pure and stable form. And he had developed a pain-relieving, fever-lowering and anti-inflammatory substance and name this “Aspirin”.
Automatic Teller Machin(ATM) is a machine that allow a bank customer to withdraw, deposit and transfer funds automatically. Jhon Shepher-Barron had invented ATM in 1960.
Bacteria was first found by Antonie Van Leewenhoek in the year 1667. Bacteria are one of the micro-organisms to populate the planet earth. Bacteria are about 1000 nanometers in size.
Earl Dickson, cotton buyer for Johnson & Johnson, invented the Band-Aid in 1921. He took a piece of gauze and attached it to the centre of a piece of tape and covered the product with crinoline to keep it sterile.
Battery (Dry cell) was invented by Georges Leclanché a French inventor. These batteries comprised of a conducting solution of ammonium chloride with a negative terminal of zinc and a positive terminal of manganese dioxide.
German born Karl Friedrich von Drais was invented the running machine, later known as the velocipede. The velocipede or the earliest bicycle, also marked the beginning of mechanized personal transport. Karl Drais took the first ride on his bicycle on June,1817.
In 1887, Philip Diehi had invented the Ceiling Fan. He had created the first ceiling fan by placing a fan blade on a sewing machine motor and had mounted it to the ceiling.
Charles Babbage, father of Modern Computer was born in 1791 in London. In 1820 he was invented the ‘Difference Engine’. He developed the ‘Analytical Engine’ after making the ‘Difference Engine’. Babbage's machines were among the first Mechanical Computers.
In April 1953, Francis Crick, James Watson and Rosalind Franklin discover the structure of “Deoxyribonucleic Acid” (DNA). It is the molecule that contains the hereditary information for cells.
In 1752, Benjamin Franklin discovered Electricity. He is known for his famous kite experiment during which he observed the lightning is electricity. Franklin’s experiments proposed the basic principles of electricity.
Electricity travels at the speed of light-more than 186,000 miles per second.
In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison was invented first Electric Bulb.
Captain George William Manby was invented Fire Extinguisher in 1813 as it was called as ‘Extincteur’. The first Fire Extinguisher was a copper cylinder which held three gallons of water and used compressed air to release the water through a narrow tube which could be aimed towards a fire.
John Logie Baird had invented Television in 1924. He used boxes, biscuit tins, sewing needles, cards and a electric fan motor to make the first Television. The word television is made up of two words-Greek word ‘tele’ and Latin word ‘visio’.
Alexander Graham Bell along with Thomas Warson had invented the Telephone in 1876. The Telephone was invented while Bell was trying to improve the telegraph. Along with Thomas Watson mad a working transmitter with a membrane that could vary electronic currents and a receiver that would reproduce these variations in audible frequencies.
Martin Copper, an American engineer was invented Mobile (Cell) phone in 1973. Copper is considered as father of cell phone.
Modern Calendar also called Gregorian Calendar because it is named after Pope Gregory XIII. Pope Gregory XII had reforms to the Julian Callender in 1582. The modern calendar has 365 days, 52 weeks which are divided into twelve months with unequal number of days. Every fourth year, a day gets added to this calendar, making the month of February with 29 days, as call leap year.
